dna polymerase
Definition
- Noun:
- The enzyme responsible for DNA replication: DNA polymerase is a biological catalyst that synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides complementary to an existing DNA template strand. It is essential for copying genetic material during cell division.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- DNA polymerase is crucial for accurate genetic inheritance.
- Scientists studied the structure of the DNA polymerase enzyme.
- A mutation in the gene encoding DNA polymerase can lead to replication errors.
Advanced Usage
"DNA polymerase activity": Refers to the catalytic function of the enzyme in adding nucleotides.
- The experiment measured the DNA polymerase activity in the sample.
"DNA polymerase proofreading": Describes the enzyme's ability to correct its own mistakes during replication.
- The high fidelity of replication is due to DNA polymerase proofreading.
Variants and Related Words
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A laboratory technique that uses a heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify specific DNA sequences.
- PCR relies on a special type of DNA polymerase.
RNA polymerase: A related enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
- Transcription is carried out by RNA polymerase.
Synonyms
- Replicase: A term sometimes used for enzymes involved in replication, though more common for viral RNA replication.
- DNA synthetase: An older or less specific term for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA.
Related Phrases
"DNA polymerase III": The primary enzyme complex responsible for DNA replication in bacteria.
- In E. coli, DNA polymerase III is the main replicative enzyme.
"Taq polymerase": A heat-stable DNA polymerase isolated from a thermophilic bacterium, widely used in PCR.
- Taq polymerase is essential for the polymerase chain reaction.
Noun
-
the enzyme responsible for DNA replication
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